水手谷：火星的大峡谷
(原标题: Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars)
2024-11-10
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太阳系中最大的峡谷在火星表面划出了一条宽阔的带状地带。这个名为“水手谷”（Valles Marineris）的大峡谷绵延3000多公里，跨度达600公里，深度达8公里。相比之下，位于美国亚利桑那州的地球大峡谷长800公里，宽30公里，深1.8公里。水手谷的起源仍然未知，尽管一种主流假说认为它起源于数十亿年前地球冷却时的一次裂缝。在峡谷中已经确定了几个地质过程。这幅特色的马赛克是由维京号轨道飞行器在20世纪70年代拍摄的100多张火星照片拼接而成的。
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The largest canyon in the Solar System cuts a wide swath across the face of Mars. Named Valles Marineris, the grand valley extends over 3,000 kilometers long, spans as much as 600 kilometers across, and delves as much as 8 kilometers deep. By comparison, the Earth's Grand Canyon in Arizona, USA is 800 kilometers long, 30 kilometers across, and 1.8 kilometers deep. The origin of the Valles Marineris remains unknown, although a leading hypothesis holds that it started as a crack billions of years ago as the planet cooled. Several geologic processes have been identified in the canyon. The featured mosaic was created from over 100 images of Mars taken by Viking Orbiters in the 1970s.