Stickney火山口
(原标题: Stickney Crater)
2023-07-08
浏览次数: 14
斯蒂克尼陨石坑是火星卫星火卫一上最大的陨石坑，以数学家、天文学家阿萨弗·霍尔的妻子克洛伊·安吉琳·斯蒂克尼·霍尔的名字命名。1877年，Asaph Hall发现了这颗红色星球的两颗卫星。斯蒂克尼直径超过9公里，几乎是火卫一本身直径的一半，如此之大，以至于撞击出的陨石坑可能几乎粉碎了这颗微小的卫星。这张斯蒂克尼及其周围环境的彩色增强图像是由火星勘测轨道器上的HiRISE相机在2008年3月经过火卫一约6000公里处时拍摄的。尽管类似小行星的火卫一的表面引力不到地球引力的1/1000，但条纹表明，随着时间的推移，松散的物质在火山口壁内滑落。靠近陨石坑边缘的浅蓝色区域可能表明其表面相对较新暴露。沿着火卫一表面的奇怪凹槽的起源是神秘的，但可能与近轨道火卫一所经历的潮汐压力或形成陨石坑的撞击本身有关。
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Stickney Crater, the largest crater on the martian moon Phobos, is named for Chloe Angeline Stickney Hall, mathematician and wife of astronomer Asaph Hall. Asaph Hall discovered both the Red Planet's moons in 1877. Over 9 kilometers across, Stickney is nearly half the diameter of Phobos itself, so large that the impact that blasted out the crater likely came close to shattering the tiny moon. This enhanced-color image of Stickney and surroundings was recorded by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter as it passed within some six thousand kilometers of Phobos in March of 2008. Even though the surface gravity of asteroid-like Phobos is less than 1/1000th Earth's gravity, streaks suggest loose material slid down inside the crater walls over time. Light bluish regions near the crater's rim could indicate a relatively freshly exposed surface. The origin of the curious grooves along the surface is mysterious but may be related to tidal stresses experienced by close-orbiting Phobos or the crater-forming impact itself.