UHZ1:遥远星系和黑洞
(原标题: UHZ1: Distant Galaxy and Black Hole)
2023-11-10
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由暗物质主导的巨大星系团Abell 2744被一些人称为潘多拉星系团。它位于35亿光年外的雕刻家星座。天文学家利用星系团的巨大质量作为引力透镜来扭曲时空，并放大它背后更遥远的物体，他们发现了一个背景星系UHZ1，它的红移值为Z=10.1。这使得UHZ1远远超出Abell 2744，距离我们132亿光年，当时我们的宇宙大约是现在年龄的3%。UHZ1在这张由钱德拉x射线天文台的x射线（紫色色调）和詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜的红外光合成的图像的插图中被识别出来。钱德拉数据中探测到的UHZ1的x射线辐射是超高红移星系中心一个不断增长的超大质量黑洞的标志。这使得UHZ1不断增长的黑洞成为迄今为止在x射线中探测到的最遥远的黑洞，这一结果现在暗示了宇宙中第一个超大质量黑洞是如何以及何时形成的。
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Dominated by dark matter, massive cluster of galaxies Abell 2744 is known to some as Pandora's Cluster. It lies 3.5 billion light-years away toward the constellation Sculptor. Using the galaxy cluster's enormous mass as a gravitational lens to warp spacetime and magnify even more distant objects directly behind it, astronomers have found a background galaxy, UHZ1, at a remarkable redshift of Z=10.1. That puts UHZ1 far beyond Abell 2744, at a distance of 13.2 billion light-years, seen when our universe was about 3 percent of its current age. UHZ1 is identified in the insets of this composited image combining X-rays (purple hues) from the spacebased Chandra X-ray Observatory and infrared light from the James Webb Space Telescope. The X-ray emission from UHZ1 detected in the Chandra data is the telltale signature of a growing supermassive black hole at the center of the ultra high redshift galaxy. That makes UHZ1's growing black hole the most distant black hole ever detected in X-rays, a result that now hints at how and when the first supermassive black holes in the universe formed.