插图：宇宙的模拟
(原标题: Illustris: A Simulation of the Universe)
2023-12-31
浏览次数: 17
我们是怎么走到这一步的？点击播放，坐下来观看。对宇宙演化的计算机模拟提供了对星系如何形成和人类在宇宙中的位置的见解。Illustris项目在2014年消耗了2000万个CPU小时，在130亿年的进化过程中，120亿个分辨率元素跨越了一个3500万光年的立方体。模拟跟踪物质形成各种各样的星系类型。随着虚拟宇宙的演化，一些随宇宙膨胀的物质很快就会因引力而凝结，形成细丝、星系和星系团。这段特色视频采用了一个虚拟摄像机的视角，围绕着这个不断变化的宇宙的一部分，首先展示了暗物质的演变，然后是按温度编码的氢气（0点45分），然后是氦和碳等重元素（1点30分），然后回到暗物质（2点07分）。左下方列出了大爆炸以来的时间，右下方列出了所显示的物质类型。爆炸（0:50）描绘了星系中心的超大质量黑洞排出热气泡。人们研究了Illustris和真实宇宙之间有趣的差异，包括为什么模拟会产生过多的老恒星。
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How did we get here? Click play, sit back, and watch. A computer simulation of the evolution of the universe provides insight into how galaxies formed and perspectives into humanity's place in the universe. The Illustris project exhausted 20 million CPU hours in 2014 following 12 billion resolution elements spanning a cube 35 million light years on a side as it evolved over 13 billion years. The simulation tracks matter into the formation of a wide variety of galaxy types. As the virtual universe evolves, some of the matter expanding with the universe soon gravitationally condenses to form filaments, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. The featured video takes the perspective of a virtual camera circling part of this changing universe, first showing the evolution of dark matter, then hydrogen gas coded by temperature (0:45), then heavy elements such as helium and carbon (1:30), and then back to dark matter (2:07). On the lower left the time since the Big Bang is listed, while on the lower right the type of matter being shown is listed. Explosions (0:50) depict galaxy-center supermassive black holes expelling bubbles of hot gas. Interesting discrepancies between Illustris and the real universe have been studied, including why the simulation produced an overabundance of old stars.