银河系、喷气机和一个著名的黑洞
(原标题: The Galaxy, the Jet, and a Famous Black Hole)
2023-05-04
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明亮的椭圆星系梅西耶87 （M87）是2017年由地球事件视界望远镜拍摄到的超大质量黑洞的所在地，这是有史以来第一张黑洞图像。室女座星系团的巨人M87距离我们约5500万光年，在斯皮策太空望远镜拍摄的这张红外图像中，M87是一个蓝色的大星系。尽管M87看起来没有什么特征，像云一样，斯皮策的图像确实记录了从星系中心区域喷射出的相对论性喷流的细节。在右上方的插图中，喷流本身跨越数千光年。右边较亮的喷流正在接近我们的视线。相反，由退去的喷流产生的冲击波照亮了一个较暗的弧形物质。在右下角的插图中，历史上的黑洞图像显示在巨大星系和相对论喷流的中心。在斯皮策的图像中，完全无法解释的是，被落入的物质包围的超大质量黑洞是巨大能量的来源，它驱动着活动星系M87中心的相对论性喷流。事件视界望远镜拍摄到的M87的图像现在已经增强，可以更清晰地看到这个著名的超大质量黑洞。在NASA：黑洞周
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Bright elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M87) is home to the supermassive black hole captured in 2017 by planet Earth's Event Horizon Telescope in the first ever image of a black hole. Giant of the Virgo galaxy cluster about 55 million light-years away, M87 is the large galaxy rendered in blue hues in this infrared image from the Spitzer Space telescope. Though M87 appears mostly featureless and cloud-like, the Spitzer image does record details of relativistic jets blasting from the galaxy's central region. Shown in the inset at top right, the jets themselves span thousands of light-years. The brighter jet seen on the right is approaching and close to our line of sight. Opposite, the shock created by the otherwise unseen receding jet lights up a fainter arc of material. Inset at bottom right, the historic black hole image is shown in context, at the center of giant galaxy and relativistic jets. Completely unresolved in the Spitzer image, the supermassive black hole surrounded by infalling material is the source of enormous energy driving the relativistic jets from the center of active galaxy M87. The Event Horizon Telescope image of M87 has now been enhanced to reveal a sharper view of the famous supermassive black hole. At NASA: Black Hole Week