第一张黑洞的视界尺度图像
(原标题: First Horizon-Scale Image of a Black Hole)
2022-05-01
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黑洞是什么样子的？为了找到答案，来自地球周围的射电望远镜与天空中已知最大的事件视界协调观测黑洞。单独来看，黑洞就是黑色的，但是这些巨大的吸引物被发光的气体包围着。第一张图像显示了M87星系中心黑洞周围的区域，其尺度低于预期的视界。图中，黑暗的中心区域不是视界，而是黑洞的阴影——被中心黑洞的引力变暗的气体中心区域。阴影的大小和形状是由视界附近的明亮气体、强烈的引力透镜偏转和黑洞的旋转决定的。通过解析黑洞的阴影，事件视界望远镜（EHT）支持了爱因斯坦引力理论即使在极端区域也有效的证据，并提供了明确的证据，证明M87中心有一个大约60亿太阳质量的旋转黑洞。自2019年发布这张特色图像以来，EHT已经扩大到包括更多的望远镜，观察更多的黑洞，跟踪偏光，并正在努力观察银河系中心黑洞的邻近区域。本周是：黑洞周新的EHT结果将于下周四公布
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What does a black hole look like? To find out, radio telescopes from around the Earth coordinated observations of black holes with the largest known event horizons on the sky. Alone, black holes are just black, but these monster attractors are known to be surrounded by glowing gas. This first image resolves the area around the black hole at the center of galaxy M87 on a scale below that expected for its event horizon. Pictured, the dark central region is not the event horizon, but rather the black hole's shadow -- the central region of emitting gas darkened by the central black hole's gravity. The size and shape of the shadow is determined by bright gas near the event horizon, by strong gravitational lensing deflections, and by the black hole's spin. In resolving this black hole's shadow, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) bolstered evidence that Einstein's gravity works even in extreme regions, and gave clear evidence that M87 has a central spinning black hole of about 6 billion solar masses. Since releasing this featured image in 2019, the EHT has expanded to include more telescopes, observe more black holes, track polarized light,and is working to observe the immediately vicinity of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. This week is: Black Hole Week New EHT Results to be Announced: Next Thursday